Recombinant human Complement 4d protein. Cellular Localization: Intracytoplasmic vacuoles of endothelial cells and Secreted.
This MAb is specific to Complement 4d (C4d) and it reacts with the secreted as well as cell-bound C4d. C4d is a degradation product of the activated complement factor C4b. Complement 4b is typically activated by binding of Abs to specific target molecules. Following activation and degradation of the C4 molecule, thio-ester groups are exposed, which allow transient, covalent binding of the degradation product Complement 4d to endothelial cell surfaces and extracellular matrix components of vascular basement membranes near the sites of C4 activation. The presence of C4d in peritubular capillaries is a key indicator for acute humoral (i.e. antibody-mediated) rejection of kidney, heart, pancreas and lung allografts. As an established marker of antibody-mediated acute renal allograft rejection and its proclivity for endothelium, this component can be detected in peritubular capillaries in chronic renal allograft rejection as well as hyperacute rejection, acute vascular rejection, acute cellular rejection, and borderline rejection. It has been shown to be a significant predictor of transplant kidney graft survival. Anti-C4d, combined with anti-C3d, can be utilized as a tool for diagnosis of allograft rejection that may warrant a prompt and aggressive anti-rejection treatment. Applications: Suitable for use in Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilutions: Immunofluorescence: 1:50-1:100 Immunohistochemistry (Formalin-fixed): 1:200-1:400 for 30 minutes at RT. Staining of formalin-fixed tissues requires boiling tissue sections in 1mM EDTA, pH 8.0, for 10-20 minutes followed by cooling at RT for 20 minutes. Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Positive Control: Rejected Renal Transplant Tissue Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
