TNF-RII is present on most cell types and is considered to be an important co-stimulator together with TNF-RI in cellular responses to TNF-alpha, in particular the transmembrane form of TNF-alpha. A dominant role of TNF-RII has been shown in thymocyte activation by TNF-alpha. T9161-22R is a non-agonistic receptor modulating antibody. It enhances in vitro TNF alpha responses by increasing the affinity of the soluble form of TNF-alpha for TNF-RII. Applications: Suitable for use in Flow Cytometry, Functional Studies, ELISA, Immunoprecipitation and Immunofluorescence. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Immunofluorescence: 1:50 Flow Cytometry: 1:50, used to select HeLa cells expressing TNF-RII by FACS. As negative control mock transfected HeLa cells were used. (Ref.2). Functional Studies: functions as an allosteric modulator, which stabilizes the ligand-receptor complex. (Ref.1) Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Positive Control: HeLa cells transfected with TNF-RII Negative Control: Mock transfected HeLa cells. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.