Granulocyte colonystimulating factor (GCSF or GCSF) is also known as colonystimulating factor 3, CSF3, C17orf33, CSF3OS, GCSF, MGC45931. It is a glycoprotein, growth factor and cytokine produced by a number of different tissues to stimulate the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells. GCSF then stimulates the bone marrow to release them into the blood. GCSF also stimulates the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function of neutrophil precursors and mature neutrophils. GCSF regulates them using Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and Ras /mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signal transduction pathway. GCSF is produced by endothelium, macrophages, and a number of other immune cells. The natural human glycoprotein exists in two forms, a 174 and 180aminoacidlong protein of molecular weight 19,600 grams per mole. GCSF can effect on the hematopoietic system and neuronal cells as a neurotrophic factor. The action of GCSF in the central nervous system is to induce neurogenesis, to increase the neuroplasticity and to counteract apoptosis. GCSF stimulates the production of white blood cells (WBC). In oncology and hematology, a recombinant form of GCSF is used with certain cancer patients to accelerate recovery from neutropenia after chemotherapy, allowing higherintensity treatment regimens. Another form of recombinant human GCSF called lenograstim is synthesised in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO cells). The recombinant human GCSF synthesised in an E. coli expression system is called filgrastim. - Proteine/Peptide
