A novel gene, DPP10, encodes a homolog of dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs) that cleave terminal dipeptides from cytokines and chemokines, and it presents a potential new target for asthma therapy. The DPP10 protein shares features with members of the S9B family of DPP serine proteases, which includes DPP4, a widely expressed enzyme that plays a central role in chemokine processing as part of the innate immune system. The locus displays a complex pattern of transcript splicing, with eight alternate first exons, four of which localize within the LD block strongly associated with asthma.