PD-L1 (also known as Programmed Death Ligand 1, CD274, and B7-H1) is one of two cell surface ligands that engage the negative regulatory T cell surface receptor PD-1. PD-L1 is a Type I transmembrane protein expressed on the plasma membrane of cells, such as activated macrophages and some tumor cells. Because binding of PD-1 by PD-L1 has a suppressive effect on the immune system, inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is a major strategy of immune-oncology therapies. PD-L1 is upregulated in certain cancers, and blocking PD-1 or PD-L1 can inhibit cancer growth. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Higher concentration may be required for direct detection using primary antibody conjugates than for indirect detection with secondary antibody|Immunofluorescence: 1-2 ug/mL|Immunohistology (formalin): 1-2 ug/mL for 30 minutes at RT|Staining of formalin-fixed tissues requires boiling tissue sections in 10 mM citrate buffer, pH 6.0, for 10-20 min followed by cooling at RT for 20 min|Western blotting 1-2 ug/mL|Flow Cytometry 1-2 ug/million cells in 0.1 mL|ELISA For coating, order Ab without BSA|Optimal dilution for a specific application should be determined by user
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