Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades are activated by various extracellular stimuli, including growth factors. The MEK kinases (also designated MAP kinase kinase kinases, MKKKs, MAP3Ks or MEKKs) phosphorylate and thereby activate the MEKs (also called MAP kinase kinases or MKKs), including ERK, JNK and p38. These activated MEKs in turn phosphorylate and activate the MAP kinases. The MEK kinases include Raf-1, Raf-B, Mos, MEK kinase-1, MEK kinase-2, MEK kinase-3, MEK kinase-4 and ASK 1 (MEK kinase- 5). MEK kinase-1 activates the ERK and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways by phosphorylation of MAP2K1 and MAP2K4, and also activates the central protein kinases of the NFB pathway, CHUK and IKBKB. Additionally, MEK kinase-1 uses an E3 ligase through its PHD domain, a RING-finger-like structure, to target proteins for degradation through ubiquitination.
Higher concentration may be required for direct detection using primary antibody conjugates than for indirect detection with secondary antibody|Immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed): 1-2 ug/mL for 30 minutes at RT|Staining of formalin-fixed tissues requires boiling tissue sections in 10 mM Tris buffer with 1 mM EDTA pH 9.0 for 10-20 minutes followed by cooling at RT for 20 minutes|Western Blot 0.5-1 ug/mL|Optimal dilution for a specific application should be determined by user
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