2-Acetylacteoside is a bioactive small molecule with neuroprotective, anti-arteriosclerotic, and aldose reductase inhibitory properties. It exhibits antioxidative activity, attenuates glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in vitro (0.1-10 µM), and shows antiproliferative effects on vascular smooth muscle cells, suggesting potential research applications in neuroscience and metabolic disease models.