SMAD2, MADH2, MADR2, MAD homolog 2, M hMAD-2, SMAD family member 2, SMAD 2, Smad2, hSMAD2,SMAD3, MADH3, hMAD-3, JV15-2, SMAD family member 3, SMAD 3, Smad3, hSMAD3,smad2/3,smad2+3
Members of the Smad family of signal transduction molecules are components of a critical intracellular pathway that transmit TGF-beta signals from the cell surface into the nucleus. Three distinct classes of Smads have been defined: the receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads), which include Smad1, 2, 3, 5, and 8, the common-mediator Smad (co-Smad), Smad4, and the antagonistic or inhibitory Smads (I-Smads), Smad6 and 7 . Activated type I receptors associate with specific R-Smads and phosphorylate them on a conserved carboxy terminal SSXS motif. The phosphorylated R-Smad dissociates from the receptor and forms a heteromeric complex with the co-Smad (Smad4), allowing translocation of the complex to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, Smads can target a variety of DNA binding proteins to regulate transcriptional responses .
