| This gene is a member of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family. The product of this gene is a DNA-binding protein with a REL-homology region (RHR) and an NFAT-homology region (NHR). This protein is present in the cytosol and only translocates to the nucleus upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, where it becomes a member of the nuclear factors of activated T cells transcription complex. This complex plays a central role in inducing gene transcription during the immune response. Alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012],alternative products:Additional isoforms seem to exist,domain:Rel Similarity Domain (RSD) allows DNA-binding and cooperative interactions with AP1 factors.,function:Plays a role in the inducible expression of cytokine genes in T-cells, especially in the induction of the IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, TNF-alpha or GM-CSF.,induction:Inducibly expressed in T-lymphocytes upon activation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex. Induced after co-addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin.,PTM:In resting cells, phosphorylated by NFATC-kinase on at least 18 sites in the 99-363 region. Upon cell stimulation, all these sites except Ser-243 are dephosphorylated by calcineurin. Dephosphorylation induces a conformational change that simultaneously exposes an NLS and masks an NES, which results in nuclear localization. Simultaneously, Ser-53 or Ser-56 is phosphorylated, which is required for full transcriptional activity.,similarity:Contains 1 RHD (Rel-like) domain.,subcellular location:Cytoplasmic for the phosphorylated form and nuclear after activation that is controlled by calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation. Rapid nuclear exit of NFATC is thought to be one mechanism by which cells distinguish between sustained and transient calcium signals. The subcellular localization of NFATC plays a key role in the regulation of gene transcription.,subunit:Member of the multicomponent NFATC transcription complex that consists of at least two components, a pre-existing cytoplasmic component NFATC2 and an inducible nuclear component NFATC1. Other members such as NFATC4, NFATC3 or members of the activating protein-1 family, MAF, GATA4 and Cbp/p300 can also bind the complex. The phosphorylated form specifically interacts with XPO1, which mediates nuclear export. NFATC proteins bind to DNA as monomers. Interacts with NFATC2IP.,tissue specificity:Expressed in thymus, spleen, heart, testis, brain, placenta, muscle and pancreas., |
