| The innate immune system recognizes microbial pathogens through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Different TLRs recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns and all TLRs have a Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain, which is responsible for signal transduction. The protein encoded by this gene is a TIR adaptor protein involved in the TLR4 signaling pathway of the immune system. It activates NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, which then results in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants, however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],function:Adapter involved in the TLR4 signaling pathway in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK2 and TRAF-6, leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, resulting in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response.,polymorphism:Genetic variation in TIRAP can influence susceptibility or resistance to invasive pneumococcal disease, bacteremia, malaria and tuberculosi.,similarity:Contains 1 TIR domain.,subunit:Homodimer. Also forms heterodimers with MyD88. Binds to TLR4 and IRAK2 via their respective TIR domains. Binds to PKR and TBK1. Does not interact with IRAK1, nor TLR9.,tissue specificity:Highly expressed in liver, kidney, spleen, skeletal muscle and heart. Also detected in peripheral blood leukocytes, lung, placenta, small intestine, thymus, colon and brain., |
