All-trans-Retinoic acid (ATRA, a metabolite of Vitamin A) is an endogenous ligand for the retinoic acid receptor (RAR). The binding of retinoic acid to the RAR and retinoid X (RXR) heterodimer causes conformation changes in RAR that affects the binding of other proteins that regulate the growth and differentiation of a variety of both normal and malignant cells.1 ATRA promotes differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into a variety of cell types in vitro.2-4
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