Endogenous antioxidant.1,2 Treatment with alpha-lipoic acid increased hepatic nuclear Nrf2 levels, induced Nrf2-mediated gene transcription, and reversed age-related decline in hepatic glutathione levels in a rat model.3 It is an essential cofactor required for catalysis by multiple mitochondrial enzymes including pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase among others.4 It has shown efficacy as a treatment in diabetic neuropathy.5
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