BAM (8-22), also known as bovine adrenal medulla 8-22, is an endogenous peptide that was first isolated from bovine adrenal medulla and is a potent agonist for sensory neuron specific receptors, primate-specific proteins that are exclusively expressed in primary sensory neurons, with EC50 values of 28 and 14 nM for SNSR3 and SNSR4 respectively. BAM (8-22) inhibits development of morphine tolerance in rats and exerts spinal analgesic effects by an interaction with NMDA receptors. It also blocks inflammatory pain, chemical pain and downregulates the expression of spinal c-fos gene in an opioid-independent manner. In humans BAM (8-22) produces itch and nociceptive sensations in a histamine independent manner.
