Pongamol is an orally active flavonoid with an IC50 of 75 µM and a Ki of 58 µM against PTPase-1B, and an IC50 of 103.5 µM against intestinal alpha-Glycosidase. Pongamol reduces the release of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, COX-2 and iNOS in cells, reverses the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, and upregulates the levels of Beclin 1 and LC3 II/LC3 1. Pongamol promotes glucose uptake by increasing the level of GLUT4 on the surface of skeletal muscle cells. Pongamol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition by suppressing the FAK/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Pongamol inhibits neuronal cytotoxicity, suppresses cell apoptosis and extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by activating the MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Pongamol exerts hypoglycemic effects in diabetic mouse models. Pongamol alleviates oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Abeta deposition and excessive phosphorylation of Tau Protein, and restores autophagy function in Alzheimers disease mouse models by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Pongamol is applicable to research related to Alzheimers disease, type 2 diabetes, non-small cell lung cancer and postprandial hyperglycemia[1][2][3][4][5][6].
