GlcNAc-MurNAc, a disaccharide, is a TLR4 agonist with a Kd of 383 µM for murine TLR4. GlcNAc-MurNAc directly binds to TLR4 and activates its downstream NF-kappaB and IRF pathways. GlcNAc-MurNAc improves Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) (HY-116282C)-induced colitis in mice through a TLR4-dependent mechanism. GlcNAc-MurNAc can be used for the study of inflammatory bowel disease[1].