Tubeimoside II is an orally active triterpenoid saponin and antiviral agent that binds to PACT/PRKRA with Kd values of 5.37 µM and 133.1 µM, respectively. Tubeimoside II inhibits oxidase-dependent EGFR activation and reduces TGF-beta1-induced oxidative stress. Tubeimoside II activates the RIG-I signaling pathway and increases IFN-beta secretion. Tubeimoside II suppresses TPA-induced ear edema, mouse sarcoma 180 growth, and TPA-induced skin tumor formation. Tubeimoside II exerts broad-spectrum antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, and IAV-H1N1/FM1. Tubeimoside II can be used in research related to retinoblastoma, respiratory viral infections, skin tumors, and sarcoma 180[1][2][3].
