S-Petasin is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor with IC50 values of 25.5 µM and 17.5 µM for PDE3 and PDE4, respectively. S-Petasin inhibits cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, 11beta-hydroxylase, PPAR-gamma, and iNOS induction at RNA and protein levels. S-Petasin induces apoptosis, activates caspases, cleaves PARP, modulates mitochondrial membrane permeability, and regulates BCL2/BAX, p53, Bcl-XL, MMP-2, MMP-9, p21, CDK4, and cyclin D1 expression. S-Petasin reduces inflammatory cell accumulation, cytokine and IgE levels, and enhances serum IgG2a levels. S-Petasin relaxes isolated sensitized guinea pig trachealis and exhibits gastrointestinal anti-spasmodic activity. S-Petasin reduces tonsillitis severity and asthmatic attack frequency. S-Petasin can be used for the research of prostate cancer, obesity, melanoma, allergic asthma, asthma, and peritonitis[1][2][3][4][5].
