Ceftiofur is a cell wall synthesis inhibitor that targets bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and has anti-inflammatory effects in endotoxemia. Ceftiofur exerts bactericidal effects by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan, leading to bacterial cell lysis. Ceftiofur also inhibits the activation of NF-kappaB and MAPKs, thereby reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6[1][2][3].
