4-Nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (TFM) is a piscicide that is toxic to lampreys (P. marinus) (LC50 values are 1.97-2.11 for cysts, 2.05-2.21 for fry, 1.6-2.45 for juveniles, and 1.6-1.63 for adults, respectively). 4-Nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol is also toxic to juvenile lake sturgeons (A. fulvescens) less than 100 mm, but is nontoxic to a variety of other fish species. 4-Nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (50 µM) dissociates oxidative phosphorylation by 22% and 28% in isolated livers of lampreys and rainbow trout (O. mykiss), respectively. 4-Nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol can be used to control lamprey larval populations.
