Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an enzyme cofactor (coenzyme I) involved in various redox reactions. As an electron carrier, NAD cycles between its oxidized form (NAD) and reduced form (NADH). In addition to its role in redox reactions, NAD plays a key role in ADP-ribosylation reactions and serves as a substrate for sirtuins. Coenzyme I NAD(H) is widely present in animals, plants, microorganisms, and cultured cells. NAD is involved in multiple physiological processes, including cellular metabolism, energy production, and DNA repair, and plays an important role in immune function. NADH is essential for maintaining cell growth, differentiation, energy metabolism, and cellular protection. The levels of NAD(H) and the NADH/NAD ratio can be used to evaluate the activity of glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Higher NAD(H) levels and an increased NADH/NAD ratio indicate higher oxygen consumption in cellular respiration and a more oxidative state. Additionally, an elevated NADH/NAD ratio can inhibit glycolysis and the TCA cycle.
CB0098S
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