Tubulin polymerization-IN-68 (compound 32) serves as a tubulin inhibitor, disrupting cellular microtubule networks by hindering tubulin polymerization. It also upregulates PARP-1 and caspase-3 expression, thereby inducing apoptosis and exhibiting anticancer properties. Notably, Tubulin polymerization-IN-68 effectively suppresses HepG2 cells with an IC50 of 93 nM and markedly reduces the growth of HepG2 xenograft tumors in nude mice through oral administration.
