TBPH exacerbates liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mouse models. It induces phospholipid metabolism disorders, reducing cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylserine (PS) levels. TBPH impairs endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria (ER-Mito) contact, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, TBPH causes lung injury through mitochondrial-derived ds-DNA-mediated inflammatory responses. TBPH is utilized to study the role of MFN2-mediated ER-Mito contact in lipid metabolism homeostasis.