3-O-Methylgallic acid (3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid) reduces cell proliferation in Caco-2 cells (IC50 = 24.1 µM) more effectively than anthocyanins and may offer protection against colon cancer after its formation in the gut. It inhibits transcription factors NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT-1, and OCT-1, which are known to be activated in colorectal cancer.
