The stress-activated protein kinase/Jun-N-terminal kinase SAPK/JNK is potently and preferentially activated by a variety of environmental stresses, including UV and gamma radiation, ceramides, inflammatory cytokines and, in some instances, by growth factors and GPCR agonists. As with the other MAPKs, the core signaling unit is composed of a MAPKKK, typically MEKK1-4, or by one of the mixed lineage kinases (MLKs) that phosphorylate and activate MKK4-7, the SAPK/JNK kinase. Stress signals are delivered to this cascade by small GTPases of the Rho family (Rac, Rho, cdc42). Both Rac1 and cdc42 mediate the stimulation of MEKKs and MLKs. Alternatively, MKK4-7 can be activated by a pathway independent of small GTPases via stimulation of a member of the germinal center kinase (GCK) family. There are three SAPK/JNK genes with further diversification resulting from alternative splicing. SAPK/JNK, when active as a dimer, can translocate to the nucleus where it regulates transcription through its effects on c-Jun, ATF-2 and other transcription factors. Applications: Suitable for use in Western Blot and Immunoprecipitation. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Western Blot: 1:1000 Immunoprecipitation: 1:100 Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
