Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a 17.3kD multi-functional pro-inflammatory cytokine primarily secreted by macrophages, but also produced by T and B lymphocytes, activated monocytes and fibroblasts. TNF-alpha exists in both a transmembrane and mature soluble form and has many biological properties, including activation of transcription factor NF-KappaB, the induction of apoptosis in various tumor cell lines and the stimulation of cell differentiation and proliferation under certain conditions. Studies have revealed a role for TNF-alpha in inflammation, septic shock, autoimmune disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Applications: Suitable for use in Flow Cytometry, ELISA and Neutralization. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Flow Cytometry: 10ug/ml on PMBC. PMBC were incubated with PMA, ionomycin and with monensin to inhibit secretion. Incubation for 20 min with T9160-11H at 10ug/ml, stained with goat anti-mouse IgG-FITC secondary antibody for 15 min. ELISA: Use as a capture or detection antibody. Neutralization: Requires an incubation of antigen and antibody for 1 hour at 37C or 16 hours at 4C to completely neutralize TNFa cytolytic activity. Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
