Vaccinia virus (VACV or VV) is a large, complex enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family of viruses. It has a linear double-stranded DNA genome, which is approximately 190kb in length and encodes for approximately 250 genes. The dimensions of the virion are roughly 360 * 270 * 250nm. Vaccinia virus is well-known for its role as a vaccine that eradicated the smallpox disease from our world, making it the first human disease to be successfully eradicated by mankind. This endeavor was carried out by the World Health Organization under the Smallpox Eradication Program. Post eradication of smallpox, scientists have been studying vaccinia virus to use as a tool for delivering genes into biological tissues (gene therapy and genetic engineering). Moreover, due to recent concerns about smallpox resurfacing as a possible agent for bioterrorism, scientists have renewed their interests in studying vaccinia virus. Vaccinia virus is unique amongst all DNA viruses because it replicates only in the cytoplasm of the host cell (outside of the nucleus). Therefore, the large genome is required for encoding various enzymes and proteins involved in viral DNA replication and gene transcription. During its replication cycle, VV produces several infectious forms which differ in their outer membranes: the intracellular mature virion (IMV), the intracellular enveloped virion (IEV), the cell-associated enveloped virion (CEV) and the extracellular enveloped virion (EEV). Although the issue remains contentious, the prevailing view is that the IMV consists of a single lipoprotein membrane, while the CEV and EEV are both surrounded by two membrane layers and the IEV has three envelopes. The IMV is the most abundant infectious form and is thought to be responsible for spread between hosts. On the other hand, the CEV is believed to play a role in cell-to-cell spread and the EEV is thought to be important for long range dissemination within the host organism. [edit]Host resistance Vaccinia contains within its genome several proteins that give the virus resistance to interferons. K3L is a protein with homology towards the protein eIF-2alpha. K3L protein inhibits the action of PKR, an activator of interferons. E3L is another protein encoded by vaccinia. E3L also inhibits PKR activation, and is also able to bind to double stranded RNA. Vaccinia virus is closely related to the virus that causes cowpox. The precise origin of vaccinia virus is unknown due to the lack of record-tracking as the virus was repeatedly cultivated and passaged in research laboratories for many decades. The most common notion is that vaccinia virus, cowpox virus and variola virus (the causative agent for smallpox) were all derived from a common ancestral virus. There is also speculation that vaccinia virus was originally isolated from horses. Virus classification: Group: Group I (dsDNA) Family: Poxviridae Genus: Orthopoxvirus Species: Vaccinia virus Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilutions: Western Blot: 1:20-1:200 ELISA: 1:200-1:1000 Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: Store product at 4C if to be used immediately within two weeks. For long-term storage, aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing and store at -20C. Aliquots are stable at -20C for 12 months after receipt. Dilute required amount only prior to immediate use. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer. Note: Sodium azide is a potent inhibitor of peroxidase and should not be added to HRP conjugates. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
Reinheit:
Purified IgG fraction to a purity of > 95%.
Formulierung:
Supplied as a liquid in PBS, pH 7.2, 10mg/ml BSA, 0.002% Thimerosal. Labeled with HRP.
* Mehrwertsteuer und Versandkosten nicht enthalten. Irrtümer und Preisänderungen vorbehalten
