28.05.2020

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) form an endogenous transport system for intercellular transfer ofbiological cargo, including RNA, that plays a pivotal role in physiological and pathologicalprocesses. Unfortunately, whereas biological effects of EV-mediated RNA transfer areabundantly studied, regulatory pathways and mechanisms remain poorly defined due to alack of suitable readout systems. Here, we describe a highly-sensitive CRISPR-Cas9-basedreporter system that allows direct functional study of EV-mediated transfer of...

05.05.2020

PHEV, a member of the Coronaviridae family, is a typical neurotropic virus that primarily affects the nervous system of piglets to produce typical neurological symptoms. However, the mechanism of nerve damage caused by the virus has not been fully elucidated. Actin is an important component of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells and serves as the first obstacle to the entry of pathogens into host cells. Additionally, the morphological structure and function of nerve cells depend on the dynamic regulation of the actin skeleton. Therefore, exp...

27.04.2020

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affecting the human respiratory system severely challenges public health and urgently demands for increasing our understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, especially host factors facilitating virus infection and replication. SARS-CoV-2 was reported to enter cells via binding to ACE2, followed by its priming by TMPRSS2. Here, we investigate ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels and their distribution across cell types in lung tissue (twelve donors, 39,778 cells) and in cells derived fr...

20.04.2020

Abstract Bioorthogonal chemistry capable of operating in live animals is needed to investigate biological processes such as cell death and immunity. Recent studies have identified a gasdermin family of pore-forming proteins that executes inflammasome-dependent and -independent pyroptosis1,2,3,

01.04.2020

As described in their recent Cell study, Hoffmann et al. identified the serine protease TMPRSS2 as a critical factor in the priming of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with its receptor ACE2, and demonstrated that a clinically proven protease inhibitor, camostat mesylate, is able to interfere with SARS-CoV-2 infection of lung cells. Featured Products: SARS-CoV / SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spike antibody [1A9] (GTX632604) SARS-CoV / SARS-CoV-2 (COV...

24.03.2020

Abstract Invading microbial pathogens can be eliminated selectively by xenophagy. Ubiquitin-mediated autophagy receptors are phosphorylated by TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and recruited to ubiquitinated bacteria to facilitate autophagosome formation during xenophagy, but the molecular mechanism underlying TBK1 activation in response to microbial infection is not clear. Here, we show that bacterial infection increases Ca2+ levels to activate TBK1 for xenophagy via the Ca2+-binding protein TBC1 domain family member 9 (TBC1D9). Mechanisticall...

16.03.2020

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS1. Astrocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis2, but little is known about the heterogeneity of astrocytes and its regulation. Here we report the analysis of astrocytes in multiple sclerosis and its preclinical model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by single-cell RNA sequencing in combination with cell-specific Ribotag RNA profiling, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing (ChIP...

24.02.2020

Signalling endosomes are essential for trafficking of activated ligand–receptor complexes and their distal signalling, ultimately leading to neuronal survival. Although deficits in signalling endosome transport have been linked to neurodegeneration, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling this process remains incomplete. Here, we describe a new modulator of signalling endosome trafficking, the insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). We show that IGF1R inhibition increases the velocity of signalling endosomes in motor neuron axons,...

10.02.2020

Enjoy this exciting article by Kim et. al that was recently published in Nature Communications. The authors were finally able to show that H3R2me2a is the key histone mark for CPC recruitment onto mitotic chromosomes. Furthermore, results of this work support the interesting concept of arginine methylation as a dynamic process. Abstract The kinase Aurora B forms the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) together with Borealin, INCENP, and Survivin to mediate chromosome condensation, the correction of erroneous spindle-kinetoch...

13.01.2020

The recent publication in the journal Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology titled ‘Marine Collagen Substrates for 2D and 3D Ovarian Cancer Cell Systems’ has demonstrated that jellyfish collagen provides a reliable in vitro micro-environment for the proliferation and migration of Ovarian cancer cells. (OvCa.3 & SKOV.3). Cancer biology remains one of the biggest challenges of this century. There were 7,470 new cases of ovarian...