Phosphodiesterase PDE1 inhibitor (IC50=21 µM)1. Also blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels, IC50=44.2 µM (potency similar to phenytoin), a mechanism which may contribute to its neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activity2. It reduces inflammatory IL-1beta and TNF-alpha expression in rat hippocampus3. Displays beneficial effects in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury4. Exerts neuroprotective effects by suppressing microglial inflammation5.
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