Affinity selection procedures were used to isolate this scFv from a naive Tomlinson I phage display library that specifically binds to TNF-alpha. The panning procedure was carried out by incubating immunotubes coated with recombinant TNF-alpha protein with a phage suspension. Phage particles with affinity for recombinant TNF-alpha were amplified in TG-1 bacteria, and three rounds of panning were performed to select high affinity and specificity scFvs.