Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein) is a multifunctional cytokine synthesized by almost all cells. It demonstrates significant amino acid sequence stability across diverse species, underscoring its conserved function throughout evolution. TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein is secreted as an inactive peptide, forming a latent complex composed of a mature TGFB1 dimer noncovalently bound to its latencyassociated peptide (LAP), which subsequently links to latent TGFBbinding proteins (LTBPs). The activated TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein binds to ubiquitously expressed cellsurface transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors, specifically the type I (TGFBRI) and type II (TGFBRII) receptors, with a high binding ability to TGFbRII. This receptor engagement regulates various critical cellular processes including proliferation, growth, differentiation, and cell movement. Moreover, TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein exerts immunomodulatory and profibrogenic effects, acting both locally and systemically, and plays a pivotal role in development, fibrosis, and cancer. - Proteine/Peptide
