S100 calcium-binding protein A4, Calvasculin, CAPL, Fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP1), Leukemia multidrug resistance associated protein, Malignant transformation suppression 1 (MTS1), Metastasin, Placental calcium-binding protein
S100A4 belongs to the S100 super-family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding domains. S100A4 has been implicated in the progression and prognosis of several forms of human cancer, e. g. breast, colorectal, gastric, pancreatic and bladder cancer, SCLC and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, among others. Poor prognosis associated with high S100A4 expression is accompanied by clear signs of disease progression, e. g. high histological and clinical grades and involvement of lymph nodes. Also indicative of poor prognosis is high S100A4 expression coupled with reduced E-cadherin expression in pancreatic, oral squamous cell carcinoma and in melanoma. S100A4 expression is inversely related with expression of metastasis suppressor nm23 and with prognosis of breast cancer. S100A4 is overexpressed in highly metastatic cancers, which makes it useful as a marker of tumor progression. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Flow cytometry: 1-2 ug/million cells, Immunofluorescence: 1-2 ug/mL, Western blot 1-2 ug/mL, Optimal dilution for a specific application should be determined.|Higher concentration may be required for direct detection using primary antibody conjugates than for indirect detection with secondary antibody
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