The synaptogyrin family of proteins are integral membrane proteins containing four transmembrane regions. Synaptogyrins are tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins with two neuronal (Synaptogyrins 1 and 3) and one ubiquitous (Synaptogyrin-2) isoform. Synaptophysin and synaptogyrin represent the major constituents of synaptic vesicles. Synaptogyrin-1 is associated with presynaptic vesicles in neuronal cells. Synaptogyrin-2, also known as Cellugyrin has a tyrosine phosphorylated C-terminal cytoplasmic tail, and is involved in the regulation of membrane traffic in non-neuronal cells. Synaptogyrin-3 is expressed mainly in brain and placenta. The SYNGR4 gene encodes for the 234 amino acid protein Synaptogyrin-4.
