BMS-345541 hydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of IkappaB kinase (IKK), exhibiting greater potency against IKK2 (IC50 = 0.3 µM) than IKK1 (IC50 = 4 µM). This small molecule is widely used in research to investigate NF-kappaB signaling pathways in cellular models and has been applied in animal studies to explore inflammation and oncology.