Levetiracetam is a clinically useful non-classical anticonvulsant.1 It has no effect on voltage-dependent Na+ channels, GABAergic transmission, or affinity for either GABAergic or glutaminergic receptors.2,3 Levetiracetam is believed to act via binding to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A.4 Levetiracetam reduced intra-neuronal Ca2+ levels by inhibition of ryanodine and IP3 receptor-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum.5 It was also observed to lower the pH of neocortical pyramidal cells via weakening of the transmembrane HCO3(-)-mediated acid-extrusion.6
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