Clinically useful antidiabetic agent. Lowers plasma glucose levels and improves insulin sensitivity. Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis by activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway.1,2 Displays antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic actions in a variety of cancer cell lines.3,4 Induces autophagy via inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Activates PGC1 and improves mitochondrial dynamics in renal tubular cells.5 Upregulates SIRT1 activity in endothelial cells.6 Neuroprotective and lowers -synuclein phosphorylation in the Parkinsons disease MPTP mouse model.7
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