RG33 is a peptide corresponding to the two last helical segments, amino acid residues 209-241 of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA-I), the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in plasma. ApoA-I has a specific role in lipid metabolism and enables efflux of molecules by accepting fats from within cells for transport and metabolism elsewhere. In vivo RG33 peptide efficiently solubilizes lipid vesicles, and promotes the efflux of cholesterol from cultured macrophages. In vitro RG33 peptide significantly improves the glucose clearance capacity of insulin resistant mice and provides systemic glucose control in an insulin resistant mouse model.
