Xanthine oxidase-IN-21, a Genipin (HY-17389) derivative, is an orally active mixed competitive xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.68 µM. Xanthine oxidase-IN-21 reduces renal fibrosis by decreasing alpha-SMA expression and suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha through NF-kappaB pathway regulation. Xanthine oxidase-IN-21 also inhibits URAT1 and GLUT9 expression, promoting uric acid excretion and lowering serum uric acid levels. Xanthine oxidase-IN-21 shows significantly hepatorenal protection activity. Xanthine oxidase-IN-21 can be used for the research of hyperuricemia[1].
