Ceftiofur hydrochloride is a cell wall synthesis inhibitor that targets bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and has anti-inflammatory effects in endotoxemia. Ceftiofur hydrochloride exerts bactericidal effects by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan, leading to bacterial cell lysis. Ceftiofur hydrochloride also inhibits the activation of NF-kappaB and MAPKs, thereby reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6[1][2][3].
