Nivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin that can be produced by Fusarium graminearum, is a fungal metabolite present in agricultural product. Nivalenol modulates apoptotic pathway, cell cycle regulation, Bax, ERK, caspase-3, and poly-ADP-ribose synthase activity in macrophages. Nivalenol inhibits ribosomal peptidyltransferase site, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. Nivalenol induces late-stage apoptotic morphological changes, reduces cellular metabolism, and decreases cell proliferation in erythroleukemia cells. Nivalenol induces lymphocyte apoptosis in murine thymus, spleen, and Peyers patches. Nivalenol can be used for the research of erythroleukemia[1][2][3].
