Hexadecanedioic acid (Thapsic acid) is an orally active metabolite produced by B. uniformis. Hexadecanedioic acid inhibits IRE1alpha-XBP1s-mediated flipogenesis and ferroptosis. Hexadecanedioic acid downregulates XBP1 and Hrd1 expression, activates the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway. Hexadecanedioic acid can be used for the research of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease[1].