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Figure 5 Immunohistochemistry Validation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 in Human Lung Tissue from the COVID-19 Patient Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded COVID-19 patient lung tissue using anti- SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody (9083, 1 &956,g/mL). Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT, antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4&730,C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin. (Courtesy of Hallgeir Rui, MCW) (Picture shown in 40X magnification) |
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Figure 4 Immunohistochemistry Validation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 in COVID-19 Patient Lung Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded COVID-19 patient lung tissue using anti- SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody (9083, 0.5 &956,g/mL). Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT, antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4 &730,C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin. Strong signal of SARS-COV-2 spike protein was observed in macrophage of COVID-19 patient lung, but not in non-COVID-19 patient lung. |
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Figure 3 Immunohistochemistry Validation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 in Human Lung Tissue from the COVID-19 Patient (Sun et al., 2020) Detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein by anti-SARS-COV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies (9099, 0.02 &956,g/mL, A,B) or SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 antibodies (9083, 1 &956,g/mL D,E) in adjacent sections of autopsy lung tissue from COVID-19 deceased patient. Negative control staining on autopsy lung tissue from patient who died from non-COVID-19 pneumonia is shown for Nucleocapsid protein (C) or Spike protein (F). Negative control using normal rabbit immunoglobulin on COVID-19 autopsy tissue is presented (G). DAB chromogen and hematoxylin counterstain are used. Scale bars: 50µM in A, C, D, F, G, 20&956,M in B and E. |
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Figure 1 Immunohistochemistry Validation of Spike in the Nasal Swab Sample of Omicron Variant COVID-19 Patient. Immunohistochemical analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde -fixed patient nasal swab sample using spike S1 antibody (9083) at 0.5 &956,g/ml. Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT, antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4&730,C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin. Strong spike protein signal was observed in the nasal swab sample of the Omicron variant COVID-19 patient (Courtesy of Dr. Nuovo Gerard J., OSU). |
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Figure 2 Immunohistochemistry Validation of Spike in Delta Variant COVID-19 Patient Lung Tissue Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded patient lung tissue using anti-Spike S1 antibody (9803) at 0.5 &956,g/ml. Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT, antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4&730,C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin. Strong spike protein signal was observed in the Delta variant COVID-19 patient lung, but not in non- COVID-19 patient lung (Courtesy of Dr. Nuovo Gerard J., OSU). |
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Figure 6 Overexpression Validation in Spike Transfected 293 Cells Loading: 10 &956,g per lane of 293 cell lysate. Antibodies: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1, 9083 (1 &956,g/mL), 1h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution. Lane 1: WT 293 cells and Lane 2: SAR |
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