alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a 13-amino acid peptide hormone produced by post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland, as well as in keratinocytes, astrocytes, monocytes, and gastrointestinal cells.1It is an agonist of melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) and MC4R that induces cAMP production in Hepa cells expressing the human receptors (EC50s = 0.16 and 56 nM, respectively).2alpha-MSH (100 pM) reducesS. aureuscolony formation andC. albicansgerm tube formationin vitro.3It inhibits endotoxin-, ceramide-, TNF-alpha-, or okadaic acid-induced activation of NF-kappaB in U937 cells.1alpha-MSH reduces IL-6- or TNF-alpha-induced ear edema in mice.4It also prevents the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and increases survival in a mouse model of septic shock. Increased plasma levels of alpha-MSH are positively correlated with delayed disease progression and reduced death in patients with HIV.1
Molecular Weight:
1778.93
CAS Number:
[171869-93-5]
Formula:
C79H110F3N21O21S
Target:
Melanocortin Receptor
T35406
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