Peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) catalyzes the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline within cellular protein substrates, resulting in the loss of a positive charge, which can alter protein structure and/or function. It is composed of an alpha/beta propeller domain, an IgG1 domain that contains calcium binding sites, and an IgG2 domain. PAD2 changes conformation upon calcium binding to the IgG1 domain, which activates PAD2 and allows its substrates to bind. It is ubiquitously expressed with high expression in the brain, spleen, muscle, and spinal cord and is localized primarily to the cytoplasm but can translocate to the nucleus in response to calcium signaling. PAD2 citrullinates non-histone proteins, such as glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), myelin basic protein (MBP), and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (RORgamma), as well as histone H3 at arginine 26 (H3R26), to regulate diverse processes ranging from myelination to immune function. PADI2, the gene encoding PAD2, is highly expressed in tumors from patients with breast cancer and associated with poor prognosis. It is also overexpressed in a variety of other cancers, including castration-resistant prostate, ovarian, and lung cancers, among others. PAD2 has been found in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and anti-PAD2 antibodies are associated with less severe RA than patients with autoantibodies to PAD4. Full length recombinant protein corresponding to aa1-665 from human PAD2, N-terminal His-tagged, expressed in insect cells Swiss/Uniprot Accession: Q9Y2J8 Molecular Weight: ~77.32kD Specific Activity: 500 U/mg Unit Definition: One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme required to produce 1nmol of NH4+/minute at 37C in 50mM HEPES, pH 7.7, 10mM calcium chloride, 5mM DTT and 5mM BAEE. Applications: Suitable for use in Enzyme activity assays. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilutions: Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing and store at -70C. Aliquots are stable for 6 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
