Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor alpha (GM-CSF R alpha ), also known as CD116, is a component of the receptor complex that mediates cellular responses to GM-CSF. GM-CSF promotes the differentiation and mobilization of granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. It enhances the activation of myeloid cell effector functions and plays a role in the development of Th1 biased immune responses, allergic inflammation, and autoimmunity (1 - 4). Mature human GM-CSF R alpha is an 80 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that consists of a 298 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with two fibronectin type III domains and a juxtamembrane WSXWS motif, a 26 aa transmembrane segment, and a 54 aa cytoplasmic domain (5). Within the ECD, human GM-CSF R alpha shares approximately 33% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat GM-CSF R alpha. Alternate splicing of human GM-CSF R alpha generates several additional isoforms that lack the cytoplasmic and/or transmembrane regions. Soluble forms of the receptor retain the ability to bind GM-CSF (6, 7). GM-CSF R alpha is expressed on hematopoietic stem cells, progenitor and differentiated cells in the myeloid lineage, vascular endothelial cells, placenta, and non-hematopoietic solid tumor cells (8). GM-CSF R alpha associates with the common beta chain/CD131 ( beta c), a 135 kDa transmembrane protein that is also the signal transducing component of the receptors for IL-3 and IL-5 (9, 10). Association with beta c converts GM-CSF R alpha from a low affinity to a high affinity receptor for GM-CSF (9 - 11). The shared usage of beta c underlies the synergism between GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 in their effects on myeloid cell differentiation and activation (1, 2). Recombinant protein corresponding to human Leu20-Gly320, with a C-terminal 10-His tag expressed in NSO cells (P15509) Activity: Measured by its ability to inhibit GMCSF dependent proliferation of TF1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED50 for this effect is typically 1.25ug/ml in the presence of 40pg/ml of rhGMCSF. Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: Lyophilized and reconstituted products are stable for 6 months after receipt at -20C. Reconstitute with sterile PBS. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
