Influenza type A viruses are divided into subtypes based on the antigenic differences of two viral surface proteins, hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). On infection of the respiratory tract, the hemagglutinin molecule binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the epithelial cells resulting in endocytosis. Once the virus has been engulfed, the hemagglutinin allows the viral membrane to fuse with the endosomal membrane. Neuraminidase functions to aid viral release from host cells by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues from carbohydrate moieties on the cell surface.Subtype antigenic variations result from a process known as antigenic drift whereby these surface proteins constantly mutate in order to evade the host immune repspone. Subtype A(H1N1) was the cause of Spanish flu that killed ~500,000 people between 1918-1919. Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry, Hemagglutination Inhibition and Conjugation purposes. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilutions: Immunohistochemistry: Fomailin fixed, paraffin embedded sections. Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Titer: Indirect Immunofluorescence: >1:1000 Hemagglutination inhibition: >1:2500 Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
Purity:
Purified IgG fraction to a purity of 95%.
Form:
Supplied as a liquid in PBS, pH 7.2, 0.09% sodium azide. No stabilizing proteins have been added.
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