| Most commonly-used phorbol ester. Binds to and activates protein kinase C (PKC) at nM concentrations. Induces cell growth arrest through a variety of pathways including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways mediated by cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors such as p21WAF1/CIP1, p27KIP1, p15 and p16. Potent mouse skin tumor promoter. Promoter of inducible NOS (iNOS, NOS II). Apoptosis inducer. Potential effective cancer therapeutic agent. Inhibitor of anti-lipolytic activity of insulin. Synonyms: PMA, TPA, 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, tetradecanoic acid, (1aR,1bS,4aR,7aS,7bS,8R,9R,9aS)-9a-(acetyloxy)-1a,1b,4,4a,5,7a,7b,8,9,9a-decahydro-4a,7b-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,6,8-tetramethyl-5-oxo-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]benz[1,2-e]azulen-9-yl ester CAS No: 16561-29-8 Molecular Formula: C36H56O8 Molecular Weight: 616.80 Purity (HPLC): 95% Appearance: Colorless film or foam (amorphous solid) Solubility: Soluble in DMSO or ethanol, almost insoluble in aqueous buffers. Method of Determining Identity: Proton NMR, IR and Mass Spectrometric Analysis Storage and Stability: Powder may be stored at -20C. Stable for 12 months after receipt at -20C. Reconstitute with DMSO or ethanol. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20C. Reconstituted product is stable for 6 months at -20C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Protect from light. Warning: Highly irritant to skin and mucous membranes. Tumor promoter. Gloves and mask should be worn when using this compound. Care must be taken to prevent contact through all routes of exposure. |
