Shiga like toxins, also called verotoxins, inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. These toxins play a role in hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. They damage endothelial cells in both kidney and brain, causing renal failure and neurological complications. The protein structure consists of two domains: the A polypeptide confers the activity, and the B polypeptide pentamer confers the receptor-specific binding. The A polypeptide has an N-glycosidase activity that cleaves an adenine from the 28S rRNA of the 60S cytoplasmic ribosome. This activity renders the 28S rRNA unable to interact with the elongation factors EF-1 and EF-2. Thus inhibiting protein synthesis. The B polypeptide forms a pentamer that binds to the eukaryotic cell receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Shiga like toxins then enter the cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. The effects of shiga like toxin 1 and shiga like toxin 2 have been shown to vary with cell type because Gb3 receptors are present in certain tissues, particularly sensory neurons and renal cells. In those cell types, the receptor concentration and binding is modulated by factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukins, and fatty acid content of the membranes. Shiga like toxin 1 and shiga like toxin 2 differ in their effects on various tissues. They have both been shown to induce apoptosis in several different cell types. Once the shiga like toxins have been endocytosed, they are retrogradely transported through the golgi apparatus to the rough endoplasmic reticulum where they effectively target the ribosomes. In addition to inhibiting protein synthesis, shiga like toxins induce cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8. Shiga like toxins are very toxic and should be handled with extreme caution. Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA and Neutralization. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilutions: ELISA: 1:20-1:200 Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
Clonality:
Monoclonal
Clone Designation:
[5E457]
Isotype:
IgG2
Purity:
Purified by Protein A affinity chromatography from ascites or culture medium (>90%).
Form:
Supplied as a liquid in PBS, pH 7.2, 0.09% sodium azide. No stabilizing proteins added.
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