This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. The protein is expressed in a broad range of cell types, acts as a pleiotropic cytokine and is involved in the stress response program of cells after cellular injury. Increased protein levels are associated with disease states such as tissue hypoxia, inflammation, acute injury and oxidative stress.
WB,1:500 - 1:1000|IHC-P,1:50 - 1:200|IF/ICC,1:50 - 1:200|IP,0.5µg-4µg antibody for 200µg-400µg extracts of whole cells|ELISA,Recommended starting concentration is 1 µg/mL. Please optimize the concentration based on your specific assay requirements.
